Pathways toward high-efficiency solar photovoltaic thermal management for electrical, thermal and combined generation applications: A critical review

Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert a portion of the incident solar radiation into electrical energy and remaining (>70 %) is mostly converted thermal energy. This trapped within panel which, in turn, increases temperature deteriorates power output as well efficiency. To obtain high-efficiency photovoltaics, effective management systems utmost. article presents comprehensive review that explores recent research related to solutions applied photovoltaic technology. The study aims at presenting wide range proposed alternatives terms design approaches concepts, operational methods other techniques for performance enhancement, with commentary on their associated challenges opportunities. Both active passive are presented, which classified discussed detail, along results from breadth experimental efforts improvements. Approaches relying radiative, convective heat transfer principles using air, water, pipes, phase change materials and/or nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids) heat-exchange media, while including summaries unique features, advantages, disadvantages possible applications. In particular, hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors use coolant capture waste order deliver an additional useful also reviewed, it noted this technology has promising potential delivering conversion. can act guide community, developers, manufacturers, industrialists policymakers design, manufacture, application promotion high-performance photovoltaic-based technologies systems.